Zoopharmacognisist Career Profile
- Career Name - Zoopharmacognisist
- Category - Health / Wildlife Conservation / Marine Conservation
- Skills Required - Life skills 40% - Career skills 60%
- Basic School Subjects - STEM, Language, Business
- Minimum Required Education - Bachelor's Degree
- Species Worked With - All species
- Kind of Interaction with Animals - Direct
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CAREER MENTORS
UPDATED:
8 July 2024
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What is a Zoopharmacognisist?
A zoopharmacognosist is a scientist who studies how animals use plants, soils, and other natural substances to treat and prevent disease. This field combines elements of pharmacology, ethology (the study of animal behavior), and ecology to understand how animals self-medicate in the wild.
Alternative Names
Zoopharmacognosy is a relatively specialized field, and its practitioners might be known by various names depending on their specific focus and context. Here are some alternative names or related titles for a zoopharmacognosist:
Animal Pharmacognosist:
This term emphasises the pharmacognosy (study of medicinal drugs from natural sources) aspect of the work, specifically in relation to animals.
Veterinary Pharmacognosist:
This term might be used to describe someone who applies the principles of pharmacognosy specifically in a veterinary context.
Career Categories
The Zoopharmacognisist career can be found within the following OZT career categories:
- Health
- Wildlife Conservation
- Marine Consservation
What does a Zoopharmacognisist do?
Groups of animals a Zoopharmacognisist works with
A Zoopharmacognisist can work with a wide range of animals to study their self-medicating behaviors and use of natural substances. Some of the animals they might study include:
Primates:
Species such as chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas are known to use plants for medicinal purposes.
Ungulates:
Herbivores like deer, elk, and elephants often consume specific plants or soils when they are sick.
Birds:
Various bird species, including parrots and finches, have been observed using natural substances to treat parasites or infections.
Carnivores:
Animals like wolves, dogs, and cats may eat certain plants to induce vomiting or treat digestive issues.
Insects:
Some insects, such as ants and bees, use plant resins or other substances for antimicrobial purposes.
Reptiles and Amphibians:
Certain reptiles and amphibians may use natural substances to treat wounds or infections.
Marine Animals:
Some marine species, like dolphins and whales, are believed to use natural substances for medicinal purposes, though this is less well-documented.
A Zoopharmacognisist studies these behaviours across various species to understand the broader principles of animal self-medication and their ecological and evolutionary implications.
What is the level of Interaction with the Animals?
- Directly - A person works directly with the animals with some form of physical contact at least once every few days
- Indirectly - The career doesn't require direct or physical contact at all.
With whom does a Zoopharmacognisist work?
A Zoopharmacognisist often collaborates with a variety of professionals and specialists to conduct their research and apply their findings. Some of the people they might work with include:
Ethologists:
To understand animal behaviour and ensure accurate observation of self-medication practices.
Ecologists:
To study the interactions between animals and their environments, including the availability and use of natural medicinal resources.
Veterinarians:
To apply findings to animal health and welfare, and to understand the medical implications of self-medication in animals.
Botanists:
To identify and analyse the plants and other natural substances used by animals.
Pharmacologists:
To study the chemical composition and effects of the substances animals use and to develop potential new drugs based on these findings.
Conservation Biologists:
To incorporate knowledge of self-medication into conservation strategies and wildlife management.
Chemists:
To perform detailed analyses of the chemical compounds found in natural substances used by animals.
Anthropologists:
When studying traditional knowledge of animal behaviour and medicinal plants, that can overlap with human practices.
Laboratory Technicians:
To assist with the preparation, testing, and analysis of samples collected from the field.
University Researchers and Students:
To collaborate on academic research projects, publish findings, and educate future scientists.
These collaborations help a Zoopharmacognisist to gather comprehensive data, interpret their findings, and apply them in practical ways to benefit both animal and human health.
What does a Zoopharmacognisist focus on?
.
What are the daily tasks of a Zoopharmacognisist?
The daily tasks of a Zoopharmacognisist can vary depending on their specific focus and work Environment, but generally include a mix of fieldwork, laboratory work, data analysis, and collaboration. Here are some typical daily activities:
Fieldwork
Observing Animal Behaviour:
Spending time in natural habitats to observe and document animal behaviour, particularly focusing on instances of self-medication,.
Collecting Samples:
Gathering plant samples, soil, and other natural substances that animals use for self-medication.
Recording Data:
Taking detailed notes, photos, and videos of animal interactions with medicinal substances for later analysis.
Laboratory Work
Analysing Samples:
Conducting chemical analyses on collected samples to identify active compounds and understand their potential medicinal properties.
Conducting Experiments:
Designing and performing experiments to test the effects of these substances on animal health and behaviour.
Maintaining Equipment:
Ensuring that laboratory equipment is properly maintained and calibrated for accurate results.
Data Analysis
Interpreting Results:
Analysing observational and experimental data to draw conclusions about the medicinal behaviours of animals and the efficacy of the substances they use.
Using Statistical Tools:
Applying statistical methods to validate findings and ensure the robustness of the data.
Collaboration and Communication
Working with Colleagues:
Collaborating with other scientists, such as ethologists, botanists, and pharmacologists, to enhance research outcomes.
Publishing Research:
Writing and submitting research papers to scientific journals to share findings with the broader scientific community.
Presenting Findings:
Attending conferences and meetings to present research findings and discuss them with other experts in the field.
Education and Outreach
Teaching and Mentoring:
Educating students or junior researchers about zoopharmacognosy, guiding them in their own research projects.
Public Engagement:
Engaging with the public through lectures, articles, or social media to raise awareness about the importance of animal self-medication and its implications.
Administrative Tasks
Grant Writing:
Applying for research grants to secure funding for ongoing and future studies.
Reporting:
Preparing progress reports for funding agencies or institutional review boards.
These tasks ensure that a Zoopharmacognisist contributes to the understanding of animal self-medication and its potential applications, while also managing the logistical and collaborative aspects of their research.
With what kind of tools and technology (if any) does a Zoopharmacognisist work?
A Zoopharmacognisist utilises a variety of tools and technologies in their research, ranging from field equipment to advanced laboratory instruments. Here are some of the key tools and technologies they might work with:
Field Equipment
Binoculars and Telescopes:
For observing animals from a distance without disturbing their natural behaviour.
Cameras and Video Recorders:
To document animal behaviours and interactions with natural substances.
GPS Devices:
For tracking the locations of study sites and the movements of animals.
Field Notebooks and Tablets:
For recording observations and data in the field.
Sample Collection Kits:
Including tools for collecting plant, soil, and other natural substance samples used by animals.
Laboratory Instruments
Microscopes:
For examining plant and soil samples at a cellular level.
Spectrophotometers:
To measure the absorbance and concentration of chemical compounds in samples.
Chromatography Equipment (HPLC/GC):
For separating, identifying, and quantifying the chemical components of samples.
Mass Spectrometers:
To determine the molecular composition and structure of chemical compounds.
DNA sequencers:
For genetic analysis of plants and other organisms involved in self-medication behaviours.
Bioassay Equipment:
For testing the biological activity of substances on animal or microbial cells.
Data Analysis Tools
Statistical Software (e.g., R, SPSS):
For analysing data and performing statistical tests.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
For mapping and analysing spatial data related to animal behaviours and habitats.
Behavioural Analysis Software:
To analyse patterns and frequencies of observed animal behaviours.
Collaboration and Communication Tools
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS):
For managing samples, data, and research workflows.
Online Databases:
For accessing scientific literature, plant databases, and other relevant information.
Collaboration Platforms (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams):
For communicating with colleagues and participating in virtual meetings and conferences.
Educational and Outreach Tools
Presentation Software (e.g., PowerPoint, Keynote):
For creating and delivering presentations on research findings.
Publishing Platforms:
For writing and submitting research papers to scientific journals.
Social Media and Blogging Platforms:
For engaging with the public and sharing research insights.
These tools and technologies enable a Zoopharmacognisist to conduct comprehensive research, analyse data accurately, and effectively communicate their findings to the scientific community and the public.
In which environment does a Zoopharmacognisist work?
What are the environment and places of employment like?
The working environments and places of employment for a Zoopharmacognisist vary depending on their specific role and focus within the field. Here’s a detailed look at what these environments and places of employment might be like:
Outdoor Working Environments
Natural Habitats:
Zoopharmacognisists spend significant time in the field observing animals in their natural environments. This can include forests, savannas, wetlands, and other ecosystems where animals live. Outdoor environments can range from temperate forests to tropical rainforests, and from arid deserts to marine environments. Conditions may include variable weather, rugged terrain, and remote locations.
Wildlife Reserves and National Parks:
Many Zoopharmacognisists conduct research in protected areas designated for wildlife conservation. These areas are generally managed to preserve natural habitats and may have designated research stations or visitor facilities.
Research Field Stations:
Some Zoopharmacognisists work from field stations located in remote or semi-remote areas. These stations provide basic amenities and are equipped for both fieldwork and initial sample processing.
Zoos and Wildlife Sanctuaries:
Research may also be conducted in controlled environments where animals are housed for conservation or educational purposes. Zoos and sanctuaries provide facilities for animal care, observation, and sometimes experimental studies.
Indoor Working Environments
Laboratories:
Indoor work often takes place in specialised laboratories where chemical analyses, biological assays, and other experiments are conducted. Labs are equipped with instruments like microscopes, chromatographs, and spectrometers. They are climate-controlled environments designed for precise and accurate scientific work.
Office Spaces:
Zoopharmacognisists may work in office settings for tasks such as data analysis, report writing, and grant writing. Offices are generally standard working environments with desks, computers, and necessary office supplies.
Academic or Research Institutions:
Many Zoopharmacognisists are employed at universities, research institutes, or government research organisations. These institutions offer access to research facilities, libraries, and collaborative opportunities with other scientists.
Museums and Herbaria:
Some work involves accessing collections of plant specimens, historical documents, or animal records for research purposes. These places offer controlled environments for preserving specimens and often provide resources for educational and research activities.
Places of Employment
Universities and Colleges:
Role: Teaching, conducting research, and mentoring students.
Environment: Academic settings with classrooms, research labs, and libraries.
Government Research Agencies:
Role: Conducting research for public policy, conservation, and wildlife management.
Environment: Office and field environments supported by government-funded research programs.
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs):
Role: Working on conservation projects, wildlife protection, and environmental education.
Environment: Offices, field sites, and community outreach programmes.
Private Research Institutions:
Role: Conducting independent or collaborative research with a focus on drug development and natural product discovery.
Environment: Research labs, offices, and sometimes field sites for data collection.
Pharmaceutical and Biotech Companies:
Role: Applying research findings to develop new medications or therapies.
Environment: Laboratories for drug development, office spaces for project management, and potentially field sites for natural product discovery.
What is the Average Annual Salary for a Zoopharmacognisist?
Below is a detailed overview of the average entry-level yearly salary for a Zoopharmacognisist in various countries and regions:
USA: $45,000 – $55,000
Canada: $40,000 – $50,000
UK: $35,000 – $45,000
India: $8,000 – $12,000
Australia: $45,000 – $55,000
New Zealand: $40,000 – $50,000
Nigeria: $5,000 – $8,000
Kenya: $4,000 – $6,000
South Africa: $10,000 – $15,000
Regional Comparisons
South America: $6,000 – $10,000
Europe: $30,000 – $40,000
Southeast Asia: $5,000 – $8,000
Factors Influencing Salary
Experience and Education:
Higher levels of experience and advanced degrees can lead to higher salaries.
Type of Employer:
Academic institutions, government agencies, and private companies may offer different salary ranges.
Location:
Salaries can be higher in urban areas or regions with a high cost of living.
Can a Zoopharmacognisist be promoted?
For a Zoopharmacognisist, the most prominent promotion levels typically reflect increasing responsibilities, education requirements, and certification opportunities. Here’s a detailed breakdown of 3 or 4 common career levels, with a focus on Education, Responsibilities, and Certification for each level:
Education:
Requirements: Bachelor’s degree in a related field such as biology, zoology, or pharmacognosy.
Additional Qualifications: Coursework or experience in animal behavior, botany, and pharmacology is beneficial.
Responsibilities:
Tasks: Conduct basic research under supervision, assist with fieldwork, collect and prepare samples, and perform initial data analysis.
Scope: Support senior researchers, carry out assigned tasks, and document observations.
Certification:
Common Certifications: Not usually required at this level, but certifications in research ethics or laboratory safety may be beneficial.
Education:
Requirements: Master’s degree or equivalent experience. Some positions may require a Ph.D. depending on the organization.
Additional Qualifications: Advanced coursework or specialized training in pharmacognosy, ethology, or a related field.
Responsibilities:
Tasks: Lead research projects, design and conduct experiments, analyze data, and publish findings. May also supervise junior staff or students.
Scope: Manage projects from start to finish, develop research proposals, and represent the research team in academic or public forums.
Certification:
Common Certifications: Certifications in advanced research methodologies or specific analytical techniques (e.g., HPLC, Mass Spectrometry).
Education:
Requirements: Ph.D. or equivalent research experience.
Additional Qualifications: Advanced expertise in zoopharmacognosy, experience in leading research teams, and a strong publication record.
Responsibilities:
Tasks: Oversee multiple research projects, mentor junior researchers, secure funding through grants, and lead collaborations with other institutions.
Scope: Strategic planning for research directions, high-level data analysis, and high-profile academic and professional representation.
Certification:
Common Certifications: Advanced certifications in project management or specialized areas of research (e.g., Research Ethics Certification, Grant Writing).
Education:
Requirements: Advanced degrees, typically a Ph.D. with significant research experience. Some positions may require post-doctoral experience.
Additional Qualifications: A distinguished track record of publications, successful grant applications, and leadership in the field.
Responsibilities:
Tasks: Lead major research initiatives, manage research departments or labs, oversee academic programs, and contribute to the development of research agendas.
Scope: Strategic leadership of research efforts, high-level institutional and public engagement, and setting the vision for future research.
Certification:
Common Certifications: Certification in high-level research administration or management (e.g., Advanced Project Management Certifications, Professional Research Administrator Certification).
What difficulties does a Zoopharmacognisist face?
A Zoopharmacognisist may encounter a range of challenges in their profession, each of which can impact various aspects of their work. Here’s a comprehensive look at these challenges, categorised by different factors:
Physical Demands
Challenges:
- Fieldwork Conditions: Conducting research in natural habitats can involve physically demanding activities such as hiking, climbing, or navigating rough terrain.
- Weather Conditions: Working in extreme weather conditions (rain, heat, cold) can affect both fieldwork efficiency and personal comfort.
- Long Hours: Extended hours for observing animal behaviour, collecting samples, or managing research tasks can lead to physical and mental fatigue.
Examples:
- Long treks through forests or savannas to track animal movements.
- Working outdoors in inclement weather, such as heavy rain or intense heat.
Safety Concerns
Challenges:
- Animal Behaviour: Handling or observing wild animals can be dangerous. Animals may become aggressive if they feel threatened or if their territory is invaded.
- Disease Transmission: Exposure to Zoonotic diseases (diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans) is a risk.
- Field Safety: Working in remote or hazardous environments may involve risks like getting lost, encountering dangerous wildlife, or injury from environmental hazards.
Examples:
- Potential for attacks from animals like elephants or predators.
- Risk of contracting diseases like Ebola or Lyme disease from animals or insects.
Variability in Working Conditions
Challenges:
- Unpredictable Conditions: Fieldwork conditions can be highly variable, making it challenging to plan and execute research projects.
- Access Issues: Accessibility to certain research sites may be limited due to weather, regulations, or terrain.
Examples:
- Sudden changes in weather affect the ability to collect samples or observe behaviour.
- Restrictions on access to certain wildlife reserves or national parks.
Emotional Challenges
Challenges:
- Witnessing Animal Suffering: Observing animals in distress or dealing with their health issues can be emotionally taxing.
- Ethical Dilemmas: Making decisions about the balance between research goals and animal welfare can be challenging.
Examples:
- Seeing animals suffering from disease or injury.
- Balancing research objectives with the need to minimise stress or harm to animals.
Business Management
Challenges:
- Securing Funding: Obtaining grants and funding for research can be competitive and time-consuming.
- Project Management: Managing multiple aspects of a research project, including budgeting, scheduling, and team coordination, requires strong organisational skills.
Examples:
- Writing grant proposals and dealing with funding agencies.
- Overseeing research budgets and ensuring project milestones are met.
Regulatory Compliance
Challenges:
- Ethics and Permits: Navigating regulations related to animal research ethics, including obtaining necessary permits and following legal guidelines for fieldwork.
- Compliance: Ensuring adherence to both local and international regulations for wildlife protection and research practices.
Examples:
- Applying for permits for field research in protected areas.
- Complying with regulations from organisations such as the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
Continuing Education
Challenges:
- Keeping Up-to-Date: Staying current with new research methods, technologies, and developments in the field of zoopharmacognosy requires ongoing education.
- Professional Development: Attending workshops, conferences, and additional training can be time-consuming and costly.
Examples:
- Participating in advanced training programmes or conferences.
- Reading up-to-date literature and integrating new research techniques.
Unpredictable Work Hours
Challenges:
- Fieldwork Scheduling: Research schedules can be irregular, with long or unconventional hours depending on the needs of the study.
- Emergencies: Unexpected situations, such as sudden changes in animal behaviour or urgent research issues, can disrupt regular schedules.
Examples:
- Working late into the night to observe Nocturnal animals.
- Responding to urgent issues like disease outbreaks in animal populations.
Research Limitations
Challenges:
- Data Collection: Obtaining accurate and comprehensive data in wild settings can be difficult due to the elusive nature of animals and environmental unpredictability.
- Data Interpretation: Analysing and interpreting complex data from field observations can be challenging.
Examples:
- Difficulty in consistently observing and recording animal behaviour.
- Complex data analysis that requires advanced statistical techniques.
Public and Academic Scrutiny
Challenges:
- Public Perception: Balancing scientific goals with public concerns about animal welfare.
- Academic Pressure: Meeting high standards for research quality and contributing meaningful knowledge to the field.
Examples:
- Addressing public concerns about the ethics of animal research.
- Ensuring research meets the rigorous standards of scientific journals and funding bodies.
Future growth and Possibilities
Projected Annual Growth of the Zoopharmacognisist Job Market
The job market for Zoopharmacognisists is influenced by several factors, and while specific projections can vary, the following trends and data provide a general overview:
Growth Rate
- Global Growth Rate: The job market for Zoopharmacognisists is expected to grow at a moderate rate, with an annual growth projection of 3% to 5% over the next decade. This growth is influenced by increasing interest in natural remedies, wildlife conservation efforts, and advancements in pharmacognosy.
- US Job Market: In the United States, the employment of medical scientists, which includes roles similar to those of Zoopharmacognisists, is projected to grow by 10% from 2022 to 2032, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). While not exclusively for Zoopharmacognisists, this broader category indicates a positive trend for research-based careers.
- European and Canadian Job Markets: Similar growth patterns are observed in Europe and Canada, with research and conservation roles expected to see steady growth due to increased funding for environmental and health research.
Current Trends Influencing the Future of the Zoopharmacognisist Industry
Increasing Interest in Natural Remedies and Alternative Medicine
- Trend: There is a growing public and scientific interest in natural remedies and alternative medicine, driven by a desire for more holistic and sustainable healthcare solutions.
- Impact: Zoopharmacognisists are increasingly sought after for their expertise in identifying and developing natural compounds for therapeutic use.
Advancements in Technology and Research Methods
- Trend: Technological advancements in fields like genomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput screening are transforming how natural products are studied and utilised.
- Impact: Zoopharmacognisists must stay updated with new technologies and methods for discovering and analysing bioactive compounds. This opens new avenues for research and potential job opportunities in cutting-edge laboratories and institutions.
Growing Emphasis on Wildlife Conservation
- Trend: There is a heightened global focus on wildlife conservation due to climate change, habitat destruction, and Biodiversity loss.
- Impact: Increased funding and support for conservation projects create opportunities for Zoopharmacognisists to work on projects related to wildlife health, habitat restoration, and the discovery of new medicinal plants and compounds.
Expanding Role of Interdisciplinary Research
- Trend: Interdisciplinary approaches are becoming more common in research, combining fields like pharmacology, ethology, and environmental science.
- Impact: Zoopharmacognisists may collaborate with researchers from various disciplines, leading to diverse career opportunities in both academic and applied research settings.
Increased Focus on Zoonotic Diseases
- Trend: The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified interest in zoonotic diseases, which are diseases transmitted between animals and humans.
- Impact: Zoopharmacognisists can be involved in research aimed at understanding and preventing zoonotic diseases, leading to potential growth in job opportunities related to disease surveillance and prevention.
Possibilities for the Future of the Industry
Development of New Therapeutics from Natural Sources
- Possibility: Continued exploration of natural products for new drug development offers opportunities for Zoopharmacognisists to contribute to pharmaceutical research and development.
- Example: Research into plant-based medicines for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other health conditions.
Increased Funding for Environmental and Health Research
- Possibility: Growing investments in environmental conservation and public health research from both the government and private sectors can lead to new job openings and career advancements.
- Example: Funding for projects aimed at sustainable resource management and the development of natural therapies.
Enhanced Public Awareness and Education
- Possibility: Rising public interest in the connections between nature and health can lead to increased educational and outreach opportunities for Zoopharmacognisists.
- Example: Developing educational programmes for schools, public seminars, and community engagement initiatives.
Expansion of International Collaborations
- Possibility: The globalisation of research efforts allows Zoopharmacognisists to collaborate with international institutions and researchers.
- Example: Joint research projects across countries on global issues like climate change and emerging diseases.
Challenges and Considerations
- Funding Competition: As the field grows, competition for research grants and funding may increase.
- Regulatory Hurdles: Navigating complex regulations for both research and the development of new therapeutics can be challenging.
- Ethical Concerns: Balancing scientific goals with ethical considerations for animal welfare and environmental impact remains a critical aspect of the profession.
Which Skills do Zoopharmacognisists need?
The skills required for a career as a Zoopharmacognisist can be divided into two very important groups. The first is the group containing life skills and personality traits, which are the core skills that are necessary or desirable for full participation in everyday life. The second group is career skills, or the specific skills required to allow a person to enter and operate effectively within a specific career. Some or maybe even all of the life skills can assist in strengthening the career skills, and they might even be the same for specific careers.
Life Skills and Personality Traits
People employed as Zoopharmacognisists often exhibit a combination of specific personality traits that support their success in the field. These traits help them navigate the complexities of animal behavior research, conservation efforts, and the development of natural remedies. Here’s an in-depth look at the key personality traits of successful Zoopharmacognisists:
Curiosity and Passion for Discovery
A strong desire to explore and understand the natural world drives Zoopharmacognisists to seek new knowledge about animal behavior and medicinal plants.
Traits:
Inquisitive: Questions the “why” and “how” of animal behaviors and natural substances.
Enthusiastic: Shows excitement about new discoveries and research challenges.
Examples:
Eager to investigate the therapeutic potential of newly discovered plant species.
Passionate about field research and learning from observed animal behaviours.
Patience and Perseverance
The ability to endure long hours of observation, repeated experiments, and the challenges of fieldwork is crucial for success in this profession.
Traits:
Patient: Willing to wait for extended periods to collect data or observe rare animal behaviours.
Persistent: Continuously works towards research goals despite obstacles and setbacks.
Examples:
Spending weeks in the field to track animal movements or document behaviour.
Sticking with complex data analysis even when results are not immediately apparent.
Attention to Detail
Precision in observation, data collection, and analysis is essential for accurate research outcomes.
Traits:
Detail-Oriented: Notices subtle changes in animal behaviour or plant characteristics.
Meticulous: Ensures accuracy in data recording and experimental procedures.
Examples:
Carefully documenting minute details of animal interactions or environmental conditions.
Ensuring that all aspects of experimental setups are controlled and recorded accurately.
Strong Analytical Skills
Ability to interpret complex data, identify patterns, and make informed decisions based on research findings.
Traits:
Analytical: Evaluates data critically and develops logical conclusions.
Problem-Solver: Finds solutions to challenges encountered during research.
Examples:
Analysing data from chemical assays or behavioural studies to draw meaningful conclusions.
Troubleshooting issues in experimental setups or field conditions.
Empathy and Compassion
Understanding and caring for animals’ well-being and the ethical considerations of research.
Traits:
Empathetic: Sensitive to the needs and welfare of animals used in research.
Compassionate: Acts in the best interest of animals and the environment.
Examples:
Making ethical decisions about research methods to minimise animal stress or harm.
Advocating for animal welfare in research settings and public forums.
Organisational and Management Skills
Effective management of research projects, includes budgeting, scheduling, and coordinating with team members.
Traits:
Organised: Manages time, resources, and data effectively.
Leadership: Guides and motivates team members in research projects.
Examples:
Planning research schedules, managing project budgets, and coordinating with collaborators.
Leading a team of researchers or interns in the field and lab.
Communication Skills
Ability to convey complex scientific concepts to both academic audiences and the general public.
Traits:
Clear Communicator: Articulates research findings and concepts effectively.
Collaborative: Works well with others, including researchers, stakeholders, and the public.
Examples:
Presenting research results at conferences or writing scientific papers.
Engaging with the public through educational outreach or media appearances.
Adaptability and Flexibility
Willingness to adjust methods and approaches based on evolving research needs and environmental conditions.
Traits:
Adaptable: Adjusts research strategies in response to new findings or changing conditions.
Flexible: Handles changes in research plans or unexpected challenges.
Examples:
Modifying field research techniques based on weather or animal behaviour changes.
Adapting to new technologies or methods in the field of pharmacognosy.
Technical Proficiency
Competence with specialised tools and technologies used in research and data analysis.
Traits:
Technically Skilled: Proficient with laboratory equipment, field tools, and data analysis software.
Resourceful: Utilises technical resources effectively for research.
Examples:
Operating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry equipment.
Using field tools for sample collection and environmental monitoring.
Strong Ethical Standards
Commitment to conducting research responsibly and upholding high ethical standards.
Traits:
Ethical: Follows research guidelines and respects the welfare of animals and the environment.
Responsible: Ensures compliance with legal and ethical standards in research practices.
Examples:
Adhering to Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines.
Reporting research findings honestly and transparently.
Career Skills
- Animal handling
- Animal care
- Customer service
- Handle instruments
- Good overall health
- Computer literate
Which Subjects must I have at School to help me prepare for this career?
Biology
Fundamental for understanding animal behaviour, pharmacognosy, and ecosystems.
Chemistry
Essential for understanding the chemical processes in pharmacognosy and drug development.
Physics
Helps with understanding scientific methods and principles used in research and experiments.
Mathematics
Important for data analysis, statistical methods, and understanding scientific research results.
Language is an important subject to assist you in understanding more complex terminology in future studies, as well as to help you communicate with people you will work with.
Helpful for managing research data, using bioinformatics tools, and automating laboratory tasks.
The subjects you choose at school are important as they lay the foundation for further studies at college or university. While still at school, it’s also important to learn more about the animals you will work with, as well as gain some experience.
OZT has a list of various tertiary institutions where you can study further, after school. Some of these institutions also have their own Group page on OZT where you will find the exact subjects they require of you to have passed in school. Keep these requirements in mind, and discuss it with your school, guidance counselor and parents to ensure that you are prepared!
What will I need to Study to become a Zoopharmacognisist?
To become a Zoopharmacognisist, you will need to follow a structured educational pathway and may pursue advanced studies or optional courses to enhance your qualifications.
Minimum Requirements
Bachelor’s Degree
An undergraduate degree in a relevant field is required for entry-level positions. Bachelor’s in Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, or a related field
Study Focus
Subjects for Further Study (If Required)
After completing your Bachelor’s degree, you may need to take specific subjects in further studies to specialise in Zoopharmacognosy.
Pharmacognosy
Study of natural drugs and medicinal plants. Essential for understanding the therapeutic properties of natural substances.
Ethnobotany
Study of how different cultures use plants for medicinal purposes. Provides insights into traditional medicine practices and the discovery of new medicinal compounds.
Wildlife Biology
Study of animal behaviour, ecology, and conservation. It is important to understand animal interactions with their environment and their use of natural remedies.
Advanced Biochemistry
Study of the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. Deepens understanding of how natural substances affect biological systems.
Advanced Statistics
Study of complex statistical methods and data analysis techniques. Useful for analysing research data and interpreting experimental results.
Advanced Studies (If Necessary)
For those seeking higher-level positions or specialised roles, advanced degrees and research opportunities are beneficial.
Master’s Degree
Advanced study in a specialised field related to Zoopharmacognosy. Provides deeper knowledge and research experience in pharmacognosy or wildlife biology. Master’s in Pharmacognosy, Wildlife Biology, or Conservation Science
PhD
Research-focused degree to contribute original knowledge to the field. Prepares for academic, research, or high-level consultancy roles in Zoopharmacognosy. PhD in Pharmacognosy, Ethnobotany, or Wildlife Biology
Postdoctoral Research
Advanced research positions to gain specialised experience and expertise. Allows for specialised research in pharmacognosy or related fields and development of a professional reputation. Research Fellowships in Pharmacognosy or related fields.
Optional Short Courses
Short courses can enhance your qualifications and provide additional skills relevant to a career in Zoopharmacognosy.
Certificate in Pharmacognosy
Specialised course focusing on the study of medicinal plants and natural products. Offers practical and theoretical knowledge specific to pharmacognosy.
Wildlife Conservation Training
Course on conservation strategies, wildlife management, and habitat protection. Useful for understanding the broader context of wildlife research and conservation efforts.
Ethnobotany Workshops
Workshops exploring the cultural significance of plants and their uses in traditional medicine. Provides insights into traditional practices and new research opportunities.
Field Research Techniques
Training in methods for conducting field research, including data collection and analysis. Practical skills for conducting effective fieldwork and gathering reliable data.
Research Methods in Biology
Advanced techniques for designing and conducting biological research experiments. Builds skills in experimental design, data collection, and analysis.
Bioinformatics
Introduction to computational tools and methods for analysing biological data. Useful for analysing complex data sets and bioinformatics applications in research.
Study Duration
The duration of a college diploma is between 2 and 3 years. Time spent on a bachelor’s degree can be up to 4 years, and another 2 to 4 years for a doctorate. Short courses are usually between a few weeks and a year.
FREE Career Preparation Path Plan
If this is your dream career that you want to pursue, then it’s important to plan the way forward.
Why is planning important?
To ensure that you understand the requirements for your career, and that you are always prepared for the next step on the road towards your dream. A preparation path is like a road map to where you want to be.
Possible Paths:
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Possible Combined Career Paths
It is possible to sometimes combine two or more related careers. This normally happens when you study and practice a specific main career, but the knowledge and experience gained also help you to have a paying hobby or secondary income career.
Possible Alternatives (there are a lot more):
Training and Apprenticeship
On-the-job training and apprenticeship opportunities are essential for individuals entering a career as a Zoopharmacognisist. These experiences provide practical skills, hands-on learning, and professional development.
1. Field Research Experience
This training involves working directly in the field to observe animals, collect samples, and study natural habitats.
Objectives:
- Learn how to conduct field observations and collect data.
- Understand animal behaviour and ecological interactions.
- Develop skills in using field equipment and recording observations.
How to Find Opportunities:
- University Programmes: Look for university-sponsored field research programmes.
- Research Institutions: Apply for field research positions or internships.
- Conservation Organisations: Volunteer or work with organisations focused on wildlife research.
Examples:
- The Wildlife Conservation Society: Field research internships and volunteer opportunities.
- National Geographic Society: Field research projects and internships.
2. Laboratory Training
Laboratory training involves working in a lab to conduct experiments, analyse samples, and interpret data.
Objectives:
- Develop technical skills in lab techniques such as chromatography and spectroscopy.
- Gain experience in preparing samples, conducting experiments, and analysing results.
How to Find Opportunities:
- University Labs: Apply for lab assistant positions in academic labs.
- Research Facilities: Seek internships or entry-level positions at research facilities.
- Government Research Agencies: Look for lab positions at agencies such as the USDA or EPA.
Examples:
- University of California, Davis: Laboratory assistant positions and research opportunities.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Research internships and lab training programmes.
3. Mentorship Programs
Mentorship involves working under the guidance of experienced professionals in the field.
Objectives:
- Receive personalised guidance and feedback from experienced Zoopharmacognisists.
- Learn advanced techniques, research methods, and career strategies.
How to Find Opportunities:
- Professional Associations: Join organisations like the American Society of Pharmacognosy for networking opportunities.
- University Advisors: Seek mentorship opportunities through academic advisors or faculty members.
- Networking Events: Attend conferences, workshops, and seminars to meet potential mentors.
Examples:
- American Society of Pharmacognosy: Mentorship programmes and networking events.
- Wildlife Conservation Network: Opportunities to connect with experienced conservationists.
4. Technical Workshops
Workshops are short-term training sessions focused on specific skills or technologies.
Objectives:
- Learn new techniques, tools, and methods used in Zoopharmacognosy.
- Gain hands-on experience with advanced technologies.
How to Find Opportunities:
- Professional Conferences: Look for workshops offered at scientific conferences.
- University Extension Programmes: Enrol in workshops offered by universities.
- Industry Associations: Check for workshops organised by professional associations.
Examples:
- American Chemical Society Workshops: Workshops on advanced analytical techniques.
- Society for Conservation Biology: Technical workshops on field methods and data analysis.
5. Research Assistant Positions
Working as a research assistant involves supporting ongoing research projects.
Objectives:
- Assist with data collection, analysis, and reporting.
- Learn about the research process and contribute to scientific studies.
How to Find Opportunities:
- Academic Institutions: Apply for research assistant positions at universities.
- Research Institutes: Look for assistant positions at research institutes and labs.
- Research Grants: Explore positions funded by research grants.
Examples:
- Smithsonian Institution: Research assistant positions in wildlife and environmental science.
- University Research Labs: Assistant positions in faculty-led research projects.
6. Conservation Volunteer Programmes
Volunteer programmes focus on wildlife conservation, habitat restoration, and education.
Objectives:
- Gain experience in wildlife care, habitat management, and public outreach.
- Learn about conservation strategies and environmental education.
How to Find Opportunities:
- Nonprofit Organisations: Volunteer with organisations focused on wildlife conservation.
- National Parks: Apply for volunteer positions with national park services.
- Environmental NGOs: Get involved with conservation efforts and projects.
Examples:
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF): Volunteer opportunities in wildlife conservation.
- The Nature Conservancy: Conservation volunteer programmes and fieldwork.
7. Ethnobotany Fieldwork
Fieldwork in ethnobotany involves studying traditional plant uses and cultural practices.
Objectives:
- Learn about traditional plant uses, plant collection methods, and cultural interactions.
- Understand the role of plants in different cultures and their medicinal applications.
How to Find Opportunities:
- Ethnobotanical Research Projects: Participate in ethnobotany research projects or field studies.
- Cultural Organisations: Volunteer with organisations focused on traditional plant knowledge.
Examples:
- Institute of Ethnobotany: Field research opportunities and ethnobotany studies.
- Botanical Gardens and Research Centres: Volunteer for ethnobotany fieldwork programmes.
8. Internships in Wildlife Biology
Internships provide practical experience in wildlife biology, focusing on animal behaviour and conservation.
Objectives:
- Gain hands-on experience in wildlife research, behaviour studies, and habitat management.
- Learn about conservation practices and wildlife biology.
How to Find Opportunities:
- Wildlife Conservation Agencies: Apply for internships with wildlife agencies and conservation organisations.
- National Wildlife Reserves: Look for internship programmes in national wildlife reserves.
Examples:
- Wildlife Conservation International: Internships in wildlife research and conservation.
- National Park Service: internships focusing on wildlife biology and conservation efforts.
Average level of education of all the people who enter the career:
Licenses, Certificate, Registration and Professional Associations
To become a Zoopharmacognisist, individuals must adhere to various licencing, certification, and legal registration requirements. These requirements can vary depending on the country or region where the individual plans to work.
1. Professional Certification
Professional certifications validate your qualifications and expertise in Zoopharmacognosy and related fields.
Examples:
- Certified Clinical Animal Behaviorist (CCAB): Offered by the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC).
- Board Certified Animal Behaviorist (ABBC): Certification for advanced expertise in animal behavior.
How to Obtain:
- Eligibility: Meet educational and professional experience requirements.
- Exams: Pass certification exams specific to the certification body.
- Application: Submit an application to the certifying organisation.
- Maintain Certification: Complete continuing education requirements and renew certification periodically.
2. Veterinary Licence
A licence for individuals involved in diagnosing and treating animal health issues.
Examples:
- National Board Exams (NAVLE): North American Veterinary Licensing Examination.
How to Obtain:
- Education: Complete a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree.
- Exams: Pass the NAVLE and any additional state or national exams.
- Registration: Apply for a licence with the state veterinary board.
3. Research Ethics Approval
Approval for conducting animal research to ensure ethical practices.
Examples:
- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC): Approves research involving animal subjects.
How to Obtain:
- Submit Proposal: Develop and submit a research proposal to the IACUC.
- Approval Process: Address ethical considerations and obtain approval before beginning research.
4. Business Registration
Legal process to establish a zoopharmacognosy-related business.
Examples:
- Business Licence: Local or state business registration.
- DBA Registration: Doing Business As registration for operating under a business name.
How to Obtain:
- Application: Register your business with the local or state government.
- Legal Structure: Choose a business structure (LLC, Sole Proprietorship, etc.).
5. Animal Care Certification
Certification for handling and managing animal care.
Examples:
- Certified Animal Care Technician (ACT): Certification for animal care professionals.
- Certified Professional Animal Care Provider (CPACP): Advanced certification for animal care providers.
How to Obtain:
- Eligibility: Meet educational and experience requirements.
- Exams: Pass certification exams.
- Application: Submit applications and meet continuing education requirements.
6. Ethnobotany Certification
Certification for expertise in the study of traditional plant uses.
Examples:
- Certificate in Ethnobotany: Offered by various universities and institutions.
How to Obtain:
- Coursework: Complete required courses and fieldwork.
- Certification: Obtain a certificate upon successful completion.
7. Pharmacognosy Certification
Certification for expertise in the study of medicinal plants and natural substances.
Examples:
- Pharmacognosy Certification: Offered through advanced programmes and courses.
How to Obtain:
- Courses: Complete advanced studies in pharmacognosy.
- Certification: Pass exams and meet certification criteria.
8. Continuing Education
Ongoing learning to maintain professional knowledge and compliance.
Examples:
- CEUs: Continuing Education Units from workshops, seminars, and courses.
How to Obtain:
- Attend Events: Participate in relevant workshops, conferences, and seminars.
9. Data Protection Registration
Registration for handling personal and research data in compliance with laws.
Examples:
- GDPR Registration: Compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation.
How to Obtain:
- Register: Follow local regulations for data protection and privacy.
Professional Associations
International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE)
- Purpose: To foster international collaboration in the study of traditional ecological knowledge and cultural practices.
- Membership Benefits: Access to publications, conferences, and networking opportunities with ethnobiologists.
- Link: ISE
American Society of Pharmacognosy (ASP)
- Purpose: To advance the science of natural products through research, education, and professional development.
- Membership Benefits: Access to scientific journals, conferences, and professional networking.
- Link: ASP
Society for Conservation Biology (SCB)
- Purpose: To support the science and practice of conservation biology through research and education.
- Membership Benefits: Access to publications, conferences, and a global network of conservation professionals.
- Link: SCB
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- Purpose: To influence, encourage, and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature.
- Membership Benefits: Access to global conservation initiatives, reports, and expert networks.
- Link: IUCN
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
- Purpose: To support veterinarians in their professional development and advocacy for animal health.
- Membership Benefits: Access to resources, professional development opportunities, and a community of veterinarians.
- Link: AVMA
International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC)
- Purpose: To certify professionals in animal behavior and offer resources for behavior consultations.
- Membership Benefits: Access to certification programs, workshops, and professional resources.
- Link: IAABC
World Veterinary Association (WVA)
- Purpose: To represent the veterinary profession worldwide and advocate for animal health and welfare.
- Membership Benefits: Access to international veterinary events, resources, and a global network of veterinarians.
- Link: WVA
Herbal Medicine Academy (HMA)
- Purpose: To provide education and certification in herbal medicine and pharmacognosy.
- Membership Benefits: Access to educational programs, certification courses, and professional development resources.
- Link: HMA
British Veterinary Association (BVA)
- Purpose: To support veterinarians in the UK through advocacy, resources, and professional development.
- Membership Benefits: Access to professional resources, training, and a network of veterinary professionals.
- Link: BVA
Australian Veterinary Association (AVA)
- Purpose: To represent and support veterinarians in Australia.
- Membership Benefits: Access to professional resources, continuing education, and networking opportunities.
- Link: AVA
New Zealand Veterinary Association (NZVA)
- Purpose: To support veterinarians in New Zealand through resources, advocacy, and professional development.
- Membership Benefits: Access to training programs, resources, and a community of veterinarians.
- Link: NZVA
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)
- Purpose: To advance the study of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology in Europe.
- Membership Benefits: Access to scientific journals, conferences, and professional development resources.
- Link: ESCMID
American Herbalists Guild (AHG)
- Purpose: To promote the knowledge and practice of herbal medicine.
- Membership Benefits: Access to educational resources, certification programs, and a community of herbalists.
- Link: AHG
World Health Organization (WHO)
- Purpose: To promote global health and manage international public health issues.
- Membership Benefits: Access to global health data, research, and policy initiatives.
- Link: WHO
National Animal Supplement Council (NASC)
- Purpose: To ensure the quality and safety of animal health supplements.
- Membership Benefits: Access to industry standards, quality control resources, and professional networks.
- Link: NASC
European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP)
- Purpose: To advance the science of animal production and welfare in Europe.
- Membership Benefits: Access to scientific research, conferences, and a network of animal science professionals.
- Link: EAAP
International Association of Veterinary Toxicologists (IAVT)
- Purpose: To advance the field of veterinary toxicology through research and professional development.
- Membership Benefits: Access to conferences, research publications, and networking opportunities.
- Link: IAVT
The Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA)
- Purpose: To support research in medicinal plants and natural products.
- Membership Benefits: Access to scientific publications, research opportunities, and conferences.
- Link: GA
Ethnobiology Society
- Purpose: To promote the study of relationships between people, plants, and animals.
- Membership Benefits: Access to research publications, conferences, and professional development.
- Link: Ethnobiology Society
Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB)
- Purpose: To advance research in integrative and comparative biology.
- Membership Benefits: Access to scientific research, conferences, and a community of biologists.
- Link: SICB
Where can I study further? (List of Registered Tertiary Institutions)
All of the above information will help you understand more about the career, including the fact that there are different paths to take to reach it. But if you are almost done with high school (grades 11 or 12), you also need to start thinking about further studies and where you will study.
See the list of universities, colleges, and online training academies that offer courses in animal behaviourism.
How do I start to prepare for this Career?
If you do decide on following this career, then OZT can assist you in figuring out a path to prepare, as well as help you to gain further knowledge about the career and the animals you will be working with. We do this by offering you FREE career development tools. There are almost a dozen free tools, but these are the three primary ones:
CAREER PATH PLAN
Use the career path plan above on this profile as an example to follow, or to work out your own path.
COST; Free
ACCESS: Open to visitors and Members
SHORT COURSES
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STUDY GUIDE
Get a supercharged study guide that fits into the career path plan! Now that's really upping your preparation game! Join us for free to gain access!
COST; Free
ACCESS: Members Only
But, if you are still uncertain about choosing this specific career, and even where to start, then have a look at our special series of WHAT NEXT courses (link below). They take you through all of the questions you might have on how to choose the right career, what to do while at and after school, and even how to start your own business.
OR
Join the OZT online community for special access to more tools!
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Members of the Platform have special access to:
- Info on the best places where you can study (colleges, universities and online)
- Expertly designed advice to prepare you for the career and links to places where you can gain valuable experience. Some career experience is necessary; otherwise, you won’t get the job!
- Top-notch information on each of the different species you will work with
- Make friends around the world and share knowledge
- Compete and win points, badges, games, prizes, and certificates. Be the best of the best while you learn and prepare!
If you have decided on being an >>> , please click on the JOIN GROUP button. Members will be directed to the group, while non-members will be assisted in registering first.
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